This Country side municipal district must have been inhabited since ancient times, shown by some stone and bronze utensils which where found in Pilarejo and in the Palomas caves. But it was in the Roman era when Teba, known as Attegua, reached certain renown, especially as the scene of the civil battles between Julius Caesar and Pompeyus partisans. The Romans built the first defensive bastion in what today is called Teba la Vieja. The Muslims reinforced and extended the castle giving it an important walled precinct whose remains can still be visited. It was in the Arab era, when the town began to move from the top of the hill to its actual site and which the Muslims called "Ostipo".
At the end of the 14th century, the troops of Alfonso XI of Castilla conquered the village and during the following two centuries it was the head of an important territory. One of the most outstanding episodes of Tebaīs history was the death of Black Douglas before his castleīs walls. This character was a commanding officer of the Scottish army, who, on his way to the crusades and carrying the heart of the king of Scotland, Robert The Bruce, allied with the Christian army who at that moment were attacking the castle. There is a commemorative plaque of that battle.
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